Paper-making machine.



2 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

PATENTED MAR. 19, 1907-' ATTORNEYS PAPER MAKING MACHINE.

APPLIOTION FILED FEB. 1, 1907.

J. B. WALKER & A. R. BOND.

No. 847,857. PATENTED MAR. 19, 1907. J. B. WALKER & A. R. BOND.

PAPER. MAKING MACHINE.

APPLIOATION FILED FEB. I 1907.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

WW/I6 A TTOHNE Y S tank as the cylinderrevolves an may be pro UNITED STATES- PATENT OFFICE.

JOHN B. WALKER AND ALEXANDER RUssELL BOND, or NEW YORK, N. Y.

PAPER-MAKING MACHINE.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Application filed February 1, 1907. Serial No. 365,195.

Patented March 19, 1907.

To all whom it may concern.-

Be, it known that we, JOHN B. WALKER, of the city of New York, borough of'Brookl z n, in the county of Kings and State of New York, and ALEXANDER RIJssELL BoND, of the citylof New York, borough of Manhattan, in the county and State of New York, both citizens of the United States, have invented a new and Improved Paper-Making Machine,

of which the following is a full, clear, and exact description.

Our invention relates to paper-making machines, particularly of the type known to the art as cylinder-machines. As ordinarily constructed cylinder-machines comprise a cylindrical screen revolved in a tank of liquid pulp, the paper being formed on the screen by drawing off the water of the pulp through the screen, and thus depositing the fibers of the pulp on the cylinder. The fibers of paper thus made have a general trend or grain in the direction of the length of the paper-that is, at right angles to the axis of the cylinder on which it is formedthis being due mainly to the fact that the fibers deposited on the screen are dragged through the (pulp in the are virtually combed in the direction of the rotation.

It is desirable for certain purposes to produce a paper with a grain running transversely to the length of the paper, and it is an object of our invention to provide a machine in which pa er with such a transverse grain dhced.

With this and other objects in view our invention consists of novel features and parts and combinations of thesame, as will be more fully described hereinafter and then pointed out in the claims. I

Reference is to be had to the accompanying drawings, forming a part of this specification, in which similar characters of refer.-

ence indicate corresponding partsii'in all the figures.

Figure 1 is a sectional plan view of our in-' vention, taken on the line 1 lief Fig. 3. Fig. 2 is a sectional elevation taken-on the line 2 2 of Fig. 1. Fig. 3 is a section on the line 3 3 of Fig. 1 viewed in the direction of the arrows. Fig. 4 is a fragmental view showing certain details of our machine. Fig. 5 is a section taken on line 5 5 of Fig. 4. Fig. 6 is a section taken on line 6 6 of Fig. 1, and Fig. 7 is a view i lustrating the arrangement of the fibers in the paper produced on our machine.

The main frame of our machine comprises two oppositely-disposed members 10 and 10', respectively. These frame members are respectively formed with brackets 11 and 11, which serve to support a chamber 12. The chamber 12 is open at the top and consists in cross-section of a semicircularbottom wall 1 3, with extended vertical side walls 14, as best shown in Fig. 3. Forpurposes which will be explained hereinafter the chamber 12 is preferably larger at one end than at the other, and the bottom wall instead of being semicylindrical in form is tapered or slightly semiconical. At the large end of the chamber 12 is a funnel-shaped section 15, serving to connect this chamber with apipe 16. At the opposite end of the chamber 12.is a similar funnelshaped section 17, serving to connect this chamber with a pipe 18.

A second chamber 12' is mounted on the frame members 10 and 10 to the rear of the chamber 12, the upper edges of'the chambers 12 and 12, respectively, lying in the same horizontal plane. The chamber 12 is similar in form to the chamber 12, having a semiconical bottom wall 13' and vertical side walls 14; but it is oppositely disposed with respect to the chamber 12that is, the larger end of the chamber 12' lies adjacent to the smaller end of chamber 12 and the smaller end of chamber 12 is adjacent to the larger end of chamber 12. The pipe 16, which is curved, is connected by a funnel-section 17 with the smaller end of the chamber 12, and the pipe 18, which is also curved, is connected by a funnel-section 15' with the larger end of chamber 12. For pur cses of illustration the two chambers, Wit their respective funnel-shaped sections, and the two pipes are all formed in a single piece.

The frame members 10 and 10 are respectively formed with upright sections 19 and 1-9, which project upward between the chambers 12 and 12 and support top rails 20 and 20', respectively. The top rail 20 is formed with two depending circular plates 21 and 22, which enter the chambers 12 and 12, respectively. Similarly, the top rail 20 is formed with two depending plates 21 and 22', which also enter the chambers 12 and 12, respectively. The plates 21 and 22 are formed with cone-shaped guides 23 and 24, respectively, which project into the funnelsbaped sections 15 and 17, respectively. Similarly, the plates 21 and 22 are formed with cone-shaped guides 23 and 24, which pro'ect into the funnel-shaped sections 17 an respectively.

Journaled in bearings in the opposite plates 21 and 21 is a shaft 24*, which carries a screen-cylinder 25. This screen-cylinder is formed of two endspiders or spoked wheels 26, connected by a cylindrical screen 27. The wheels 26 are adapted to turn in close proximity to the plates 21 and 21, respectively, and in order to provide a water seal between said lates and said wheels each wheel is formed with a groove in its periphery, adapted to receive a flap 28, of felt'or other flexible material, projecting from and secured to the. adjacent plate. Similarly journaledin bearings in the opposite plates 22 and 22 is a shaft 24 which carries a screen-cylinder 25, formed of the end wheels or spiders 26 and screen 27', the wheels 26 being water-sealed by means of flexible flaps 28, fitting into grooves in the respective peripheries of saidwheels, said flaps being respectively secured to the plates 22 and 22".

Journaled in bearings in the top rails and. 20 directly above'the cylinder is a shaft 29, which carries a large roller 30, and mounted directly above the c linder 25 is a similar roller-.31. An endless lanket or belt 32, of flannel. or similar flexible material, is adapted to pass under the roller 31' and around the roller. 30 the up or stretch of said belt beingspaced above t e roller 31 by an, idle roller 33, mounted to turn in bearings in the, toprails. Thebelt 32 is adapted to pass about the various rollers common to all cylinder paper-making machines and which are not shown in the illustrations, as they are not elements of our. invention. It will be understood, however, that'the. belt is driven by frictional engagement with the said rollers, which are, rotated in the usual wellknown manner, The roller. 30 presses the moving belt 32. into frictional engagement with the cylinder 25;, thereby causing the latter to revolve.

The roller 31. iscarried by a shaft 34, Figs. 4 and 5, 'which'passes through slots in the top rails 20 and 20, respectively, and is journaled at opposite ends in slide-blocks 35. These slideblocks are fitted to slide in the slideways 36 and 36, Fig. 1, formed, respectively, on the rails 20 and;20' Bolted toeach top'rail is a bracket 37, formedwith an apertured head overhanging. the adjacent slideblock 35. Each slide-block is formed with an upwardly-projecting shank 38, which passes freely through this apertured head and which is threaded to engage a nut or threadedhandwheel 39, supported on said head. A compression-spring 40, Fig. 4, is coiled about each shank and presses against the head of the bracket and the slide-block. By turning the hand-wheel 39 in one direction the roller 31 may be raised to the position shown by dotted lines in Fig. 5, when the belt 32 will clear the cylinder 25. When, however, the hand-wheel is turned in the opposite direction, the roller will move downward under pressure of the spring 40 until it presses the moving belt 32 against the cylinder 25, cansing the latter to revolve by reason of its frictional engagement with said belt.

Pulp is fed to our machine through a supply-pipe 41, which is threaded into an elbow 42. The latter is fitted into the guide 23 and communicates with the pipe 18 throu rh an opening in the end .of this guide. Tic pulp-supply is regulated by means of a valve 41 in the supply-pipe. A second supplypipe 41 is provided, which is threaded into an elbow in the guide 24 and communicates with the pipe 16 through an opening in the end of this guide.

The pipes 16 and 18 are formed each with an enlargement intermediate of its length, in which a propeller 43 is mounted to rotate. This propeller is keyed to a shaft 44, which is journaled in bearings 45 and 46, formed on the pipe. One end of the shaft projects from the pipe and carries a stepped-cone pulley 47.

Communication, with the interior of the cylinder 25 is had through an elbow-pipe 48, which fits into an opening in the lower part 9f the plate 21 and extends through an open- 1ng in the guide 23 and the bottom of the funnelvsection 17. A pipe 49, threaded into the outer end of the elbow 48, leads to a pump 50, which serves to draw off the liquid from the interior of the cylinder 25 and pump it into the outlet-pipe 51. The pump is provided with a stepped-cone driving-pulley 52. Similarly, an elbow-pipe 48 is fitted into an opening in thelower end of the plate 22, and a pipe 49' connects the pipe 48 with a pump 50, which serves to pump the liquid from the interior of the cylinder 25 and eject it into the outlet-pipe 51. The pump 50 is provided with a stepped-cone drivingpulley 52. I

In operation liquid pulp is admitted into the chambers 12 and 12 until the latter are filled to a suitable depth, such as indicated in the drawings. A circulation of, this pulp from the chamber 12 through the pipe 18 to the chamber 12 and thence back through the pipe 16 'to the chamber 12 is secured by means of the propellers 43. The rate of flow of the pulp can be regulated by driving the propellers at different speeds, variation in their rotary speed being secured in the wellknown manner by means of the stepped speed by means of the stepped pulleys 52 and 52,respectively. At the same time a continuous fresh supply of pulp is fed into the pipes 18 and 16 through the pipes 41 and 41,

respectively. By, operating thevalves of these pipes the quantity of pulp supplied can be made to exactly equal the amount of water drawn 011' from the cylinders plus the amount of fiber caught by the screens.

The cylinders are revolved by contact with the moving belt 32, as stated hereinbefore, and the fibers which are caught on the screens of the cylinders are picked up by the belt and carried through the usual drying and compressing rollers to form paper. When thetwo cylinders 25 and 25' are operating, a two-ply paper is formed, as the fibers gathered on the cylinder 25' are first picked up by the belt and then on them are caught the fibers gathered by the cylinder 25. The general direction of the fibers on each cyliiider will be the resultant of two components, one component being parallel to the axis of the cylinder and the other at right angles thereto. The latter component is. due to the combing action of the pulp on the fibers caught on the screen as they are drawn through the pulp by the revolving cylinder, and the former component is due to the combing action of the current of pulp which passes along the revolving cylinder. The component parallel with the axis can be varied at will by regulating the speed of the propellers 43, and thus regulating the rate of flow of the circulating pul while the other component can be varied y regulating the rate of travel of the belt 32 and correspondingly varying the speed of the pumps 50 and It will thus be evident that the resultant direction of the fibers deposited on the cylinder may be perfectly governed, for by' increasing the rotary speed of the cylinder and reducing the current speed of the circulating pulp the fibers will be made to lie ap-,

proximately at right angles to the axis of the cylinder or parallel to the length of the paper, and, vice versa, if the speed of the cylinder is reduced and the current speed of the pulp is increased the fibers may be made to lie approximately at right angles to the length of the paper.

It will be observed that the direction of the current in the chamber 12 is the reverse of that in the chamber 12. The fibers gathered by the cylinder 25 will therefore lie at the same angle with respect tov the length of the paper as those gathered by the cylinder 25,

ut in the opposite direction. Thus m' a two-ply paper reduced on our machine the fibers of one y will'cross the fibers of the other pl T 's is best illustrated in Fig. 7, which-s ows a piece ofour two-ply paper. A portion of the up er ply 53 is torn away to reveal the lower y 54, and it will be observed'th'at the iibers of the upper ply form the same anglewith the length of the paper as do the fibers 56 of the lower ply, but

the fibers 55 lie across the fibers 56. The purpose of tlus crossing of fibers is to'increase the strength of the paperin the direction of its-length, and thus secure the strength of a woven or matted pa er.

For some uses a ouble-ply paper is objectionable, and our machine is therefore so designed, that itcan make a single-ply paper. I

This is done by operating the hand-wheels 39 to raise the roller 31 to the dotted position shown in Fig. 5. The belt 32 will then clear the cylinder25, permitting it to lie idle. The pump 50 is also stopped to prevent a useless accumulation of fibers on the screen 27, and

the inflow of pulp through the supply-pi e" purpose of tapering the chambers 12 and 12 from a large cross-sectional area at their respective inflow ends to a. smaller cross-sectional area at their respective outflow ends is to compensate for the fibers gathered on the cylinders 25,and 25, respectively, and for the liquid strained into said cylinders. In practice the cross-sectional area of the pulp at any point in the i cs 16 and 18 and funnels 15 and 17 should e constant, and the cross-sectional area of pulp at any point in the chambers 12 and 12 should be equal to said constant less the amount of pulp strained into the cylinders 25 and 25 up to said point. It will be evident that by providing a sufiiient head of pulp in the supply-pipes 41 and 41' the latter may be used as injector-pumps to produce a current of pulp in the chambers 12 and 12, the rate of the flow bein -golverned by valves 41*,and we Wish it 'to eunderstood that this method of producingaflo'w of pulp is included in our invention and that the propellers 43 serve as auxiliary pumps, adapted particularly for use where it is impossible or inconvenient to secure the desired head in the pipes 41 and 41.

It has-been a common practice in papermaking machines of the cylinder type to provide'bafiles or projections in the pulp-chamber, so that the course of the pulp as it is sucked toward the screen-cylinder will be distorted and some of the pulp fibers drained onto the cylinder will take up a position diagonal or transverse to the general trend of 1 the maiority of the fibers drained on said cylinder, the purpose of this being. to produce a partial matting or weaving of the fibers, and thereby increase the strength of the paper ultimately formed. Witha similar purpose in view we provide baflies 57 and 57 in the receptacles I2 and 12, respectively, so that a partial matting of the fibers on the cylinders 25 and 25 will take place. The bodies 57 and 57 consist of series of plates-secured to the bottom of their res ective receptacles and extending radially t erefrom to close proximit T with their respective screen-cylinders. T e plates are not parallel with the axis of the pulp receptacle or chamber, but are inclined thereto in such manner as to divert a portion of the stream of pulp and direct it diagonally against the direeti on of rotation of" the cylinder. This is illustrated in the sectionalview, Fig. 3, which represents the pulpas flowing toward the observer in the receptacle 12 and as flowing away from the observer in the chamber 12, and the battleplates 57 and 57' are so disposed as to direct a portion of the pulp in each chamber diagonally against the direction of rotation of the screen-cylinders, said direction being indicated by the arrows. As has, been hereinbe'lore stated, the fibers drained onto the screen-cylinder will not lie parallel to the axis of the cylinder, as their position is the resultant of two components, one being the direction and velocity of the pulp-stream and the other the direction and velocity of the moving screen. However, at points where the baflies serve to divert the stream diagonally against the direction of rotation of the cylinder the fibers on the cylinder will be combed more nearly parallel with the axis of the cylinder.- A matted effect of the fibers is thus secured, while preserving the general axial trend of the fibers on the cylinder. in

practice we prefer to use baffles only at the rward side of each pulp-chamber or adjacent to that side of the screen-cylinder which first takes on the layer of pulp.

Having thus described our invention, we claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent- 1. A trough ada ted to confine a stream of pulp, said trough aving an inflow end and an outflow end and tapering from alarger cross-sectional area at said inflow end to a smaller cross-sectional area at said outflow end, a cylindrical screen mounted to rotate in said trough on an axis parallel with the general direction of said stream, and means for draining a portion of said pulp onto said screen. a

2. A trough ada ted to eonfine a stream of pulp, said trough aving an inflow end and an outflow end and tapering from a larger cross-sectional area at said inflow end to a smaller cross-sectional area at said outflow end, a oylindricalscreen mounted to rotate in said pulp on an axis parallel with the general direction of said stream, means for draining a portion of said pulp onto said screen,

in said pulp. on anaxis parallel with the gen-' eral direction of said stream, said cylindrical screen being open at opposite ends, stationary guides adapted to divert said pulp from the ends oi" said screen, said guides being of conical 'l'orm pointing outward from said screen, flaps adapted to prevent entrance of liquid between said screen and said guides, and an exhaust-pipe communicating with the interior of said screen.

4. A receptacle forming an endless channel for pulp, means for producing a flow of said pulp in said channel, a cylindrical screen mounted to rotate in said receptacle in a plane transverse to said flow of said pulp, means for draining a portion of said pulp onto said screen, and means for introducing fresh pulp into said receptacle, the latter being so proportioned as to insure a uniform rate of flow of said pulp throughout the entire extent of said receptacle.

5. .l n a paper-making machine, a rece tacle formed with a truncated semiconica bottomand approximately vertical extensions at opposite sides, said receptacle being also formed at each end with funnel-shaped portions, a cylindrical screen mounted concentrically with said semiconical bottom, conical guides mounted res ectively at opposite ends of said screen, an projecting into said funnels, an exhaust pipe communicating with the interior of said cylindrical screen, and a feed-pipe communicating with the funnel-shaped portion at the smaller end of said receptacle, the mouth of said feed-pipe being formed in the outer end of the adjacent conical guide.

6. A pair of opposed cylindrical screens mounted to rotate on parallel axes, means for conveying pulp in axial but respectively opposite directions along said screens, means for draining pulp onto each of said screens, and a conveyer adapted to collect said drained pulp from both of said screens.

7. A plurality of opposed cylindrical screens mounted to rotate on parallel axes, means for conveying pulp in axial but alternately opposite directions past said screens, means for draining pulp onto each of said screens, and a conveyer adapted to collect said drainedpulp from all of said screens.

8. A receptacle forming an endless channel for pulp, means for producing a continuous flow of said pulp throughout said channel, two cylindrical screens at opposite portions of said receptacle and mounted to reall of said screens. a

tate transversely of said flow of'pulp, means i for draining a portion of said pulp onto each; of said screens, and a conveyor adapted to 3 carry oil said drained pulp from both of said 5 screens. &

9. A receptacle forming an endless channel for pulp, means for producing a continuous flow of said pulp throughout said channel, two cylindrical screens at op osite portions of said receptacle, mountc to rotate transversely of said flow of pulp, means for draining a portion of said pulp onto each of said screens, and a belt adapted to travel in engagement with both of said screens.

10. A receptacle forming an endless channel for pulp, means for producing a continul ous flow of said pulp throughout said channel, two cylindrical screens at opposite por tions of said receptacle, and mounted to rotate in a plane transverse to said flow of pulp, means for draining a portion of said pulp onto each of said screens, a belt adapt- 1 ed normally to travel in engagement with both of said screens, and-means for moving said belt out of engagement with one of said screens when desired.

11. A plurality of receptacles for contain ing pul said receptacles being arranged in a 3 mutua y parallel relation, each receptaclei having an inflow end. and an outflow end, 1 said inflow end of each receptacle lying adjacent to said outflow end of an adjacent receptacle, ipes connecting said ends successively to orm an endless channel, a plurality of cylindrical screens mounted respectively in said receptacles, means for circulat- 5 ing said pulp in said endless channel, means connected with each of said screens for drain- 3 ing some of said pulp thereon, and a conveyer I adapted to carry 011 said drained pulp from 12. A receptacle for pulp, a cylindrical l screen mounted to rotate in said rece tacle, means for producing a flow of said pu p in a 1 general direction parallel to the axis of said cylindrical screen, means for diverting some of said pulp in a direction diagonally opposed to the direction in which said, screen is adapted to rotate, and an exhaust-pump communicating with the interior of said screen.

13; A receptacle for pulp, a cylindrical screen mounted to rotate in said pulp, means for producing a flow of saidpulp in the general direction of the axis of said screen, means for governing the rate of said flow, means for directing some of said pulp in a direction diagonally opposed to the direction in which said screen is adapted to rotate, an

exhaust-pump communicating with the interror of said screen, and means for governing the speed of said exhaust-pump.

, 14. A trough adapted to confine a stream j of-pulp, said trough having an inflow and an outflow end and tapering from a larger crosssectional area at said inflow end to a smaller cross-sectional area at said outflow end, a cylindrical screen mounted to rotate in said trough on an axis parallel with the general direction of said stream, baffle-plates projecting radially from said trough and positioned diagonally with respect to the axis of said trough so as to divert some of said pul in a direction diagonally opposed to the direction in which said screen s adapted to 1'0- tate, and means for draining a portion of said 7 pulp onto said screen.

15. A pair of opposed cylindrical screens mounted to rotate on parallel axes, means for conveying pulp in axial but respectively opposite directions along said'screens, means for diverting some of said pulp from said axial directions of movement, means for drainingpulp onto each of said screens, and a conveyer adapted to collect said drained pulp from both of said screens.-

In testimony whereof we have signed our names to this specification in the presence of two subscribing witnesses. 1

- JOHN B. WALKER. A. RUSSELL BOND.

Witnesses: JNo. M. RITTER, PHILIP D. ROLLHANA 

